Soft Matter
Concepts, Phenomena, and Applications
- Fuid Dynamics
The additional material is organized according to book sections and it includes links to (review) papers mentioned in the book, videos of different phenomena we discuss (experiments and simulations), as well as links to online lectures that address certain topics in more details.
1.1 Continuum description of fluids
- An introductory review on the theory of critical phenomena: Hohenberg, P. C. and B. I. Halperin (1977). ‘Theory of dynamic critical phenomena’, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, p. 435
- Euler’s original paper on the “General Principles of Fluid Motion”
1.2 Hydrodynamics as a balance equation
- If you want to learn how to simulate soft matter systems and understand the types of measurements you can do on them, our recommendation is a book by Frenkel, D. and B. Smit (2002). Understanding Molecular Simulation: From Algorithms to Applications. Academic Press
- The third extensively revised edition of the book by Frenkel and Smit recently became available.
Small molecular dynamics simulation of a system under shear, performed as explained in the margin note on the middle of page 22. The shear rate is orders of magnitude larger to those typically found in practice, nevertheless due to the collisions the molecules are essentially in local equilibrium. From SoftSimu.
1.5 Onsager reciprocity relations
1.9 The Navier-Stokes equations
Formation of Taylor vortices in a Taylor-Couette cell. Video of Siddharth Krishnamoorthy.
Transition to wavy vortex flow in a Taylor-Couette cell. Video by Daniel Borrero Echeverry.
Axisymmetric Taylor-Couette Swirl Flow CFD Simulations. From FEATool Multiphysics.
- A large number of videos of fluid dynamics and instabilities are available on the Youtube channel of the Physics of Fluids group in Twente
1.10 Dimensions and dimensionless numbers
1.11 From small to large Reynolds numbers
Taylor’s original demonstration of flow reversal. From 1967 video ‘Low Reynolds Number Flow’.
Modern versions of the flow reversal demonstrations, first done by G. I. Taylor in 1967.
From SmarterEveryDay (left) and Rahul Singh (right).
An example of low Reynolds number flow in biology: Chloroplasts moving by cytoplasmic streaming in the cells of the aquatic plant Elodea.
From Marcia Harrison.
Von Kármán vortex shedding demonstration
From Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations.
Von Kármán vortex CFD simulation, Re=250. From DolfynNet.
Vorticity contours in simulation of a flapping wing. From Sebastián Leguizamón.
Simulation of turbulent flow past a wing profile. From APS.
Developing turbulent flow near a flat plate.
From fyfluiddynamics.
Simulation of Poiseuille flow at Re=10.000
using a Lattice Boltzmann Simulation.
From NoctumDeVir.
Experimental demonstration of transition to turbulence in Poiseuille flow. In the left, from FluidMatter, the transition occurs around Re=2200. Right video: from Michael Saggese.
A short lecture at ICTS by Dwight Barkley on the transition to turbulence in pipe flow. From ICTS.
- Wiki Page on the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows bridge
1.12 Lubrication approximation for thin films
Online lectures on lubrication theory. Left: lecture by Raja Sekhar. Right: from NPTEL.
1.13 Contact angle, coffee stains and Marangoni flow
Nice demonstrations of the Marangoni effect and the movements of small droplets to the outer rim. Left: from APS; right: from Kieran Berton. Additional beautiful work done by the MecaWet group at ESPCI can be found on the webpages of José Bico and Benoît Romain.
Video following the accumulation of particles near the rim of an evaporating droplet. From Physics of Fluids Twente.
Marangoni effect and tears of wine. From COMSOL.
1.14 Bubble oscillations
Simulation of growth and collapse of an acoustically driven bubble oscillation near a wall. From APS.
Detlef Lohse’s TED talk on ‘bubble puzzles’.
From TEDx.
1.15 Droplets
“Reflections on a liquid drop” lecture by Sid Nagel. From University of Chicago.
A talk by Detlef Lohse on “Lifetime of respiratory droplets”. From Physics of Fluids Twente.
A talk by Detlef Lohse on “Physicochemical hydrodynamics of droplets and bubbles out of equilibrium”. From Cambridge University Press.
Problems
Problem 1.10: Simulation of Rayleigh-Taylor instability. Left: from Rheologic GmbH. Right: from Haojun Li.
Left: Kelvin-Helmholtz experimental demonstration and simulation, from Drahovcanka. Right: Simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz simulation in two dimensions, from Kevin Schaal.
Coding Problems
Below you can find links to several coding problems formatted as jupyter notebooks that can be easily opened for example in Google Colaboratory. These notebooks have embedded images. If these do not appear when you open the file, you can use the link from the markdown cell directly in your browser to view them.
1. Poiseuille flow Download jupyter notebook
2. Von Karman vortex street Download jupyter notebook